![]() ![]() Lemon vinegarĪ modern recipe suggests adding the juice of LEMON and the thinly pared rind to VINEGAR and leaving it to steep for some days before straining and returning the rind to the liquor to continue adding flavour. ![]() In effect her recipe was for a highly spiced essence, intended for adding to 'fish sauce and made dishes' where a teaspoonful would suffice. Mrs Raffald seems to have regarded it highly, She not only named it specifically in the title of her 'English House-keeper', but also gave the recipe on page 1. This distinction may be observed in the way this product was advertised for example one London retailer listed it under 'Sauces'. It seems to have been a relish or a SAUCE, rather than merely a way of preserving lemons as in a typical pickle. LEMON - PICKLE was apparently not the same as PICKLED LEMONS. Although lemon was known to help relieve sore throats and the like, it also has a pleasant taste. LEMON lozenges have been noted offered for sale only once and in circumstances that leave it unclear whether they were intended for medicinal purposes or merely as a SWEETMEAT. OED earliest date of use: 1662 but without a definition Unfortunately, the context of the entry in the Book of Rates is not helpful. Possibly it was one of the SURGEONS INSTRUMENTS, similar to the DISMEMBERING SAW, but specifically designed to cut off a leg, rather than the less robust limbs like an arm or a foot. By contrast, the leg saw was rated like the WHIP SAW, by the PIECE but at a higher rate. From the 1660 Book of Rates, it appears to have been a more substantial tool than the HAND SAW or TENON SAW, both of which were rated by the DOZEN. The OED merely states that the meaning is obscure. Sources: Diaries, Houghton, Inventories (early), Tradecards. The earliest known reference is in the Ochteryre House book (c.1737). LeekĪ common VEGETABLE and POT HERB, Allium porrum, allied to the ONION, but differing from it in having the bulbous part cylindrical and the leaves flat and broad, Leeks were used to make the Scottish national dish, cock-a-leekie. References: Wordsworth (1971), note to the entry for 2 October 1800. Sources: Diaries, Houghton, Inventories (early), Inventories (mid-period), Inventories (late), Tradecards. OED earliest date of use: a900 both as a doctor and as a worm Leeches were formerly 2/6 100 they are now 30/'. He said leeches were very scarce partly owing to this dry season, but many years they had been scarce - he supposed it owing to their being much sort after, that they did not breed fast, and were of slow growth. His trade was to gather leeches, but now leeches are scarce and he had not strength for it. She described how one day on her walk she met 'an old man almost double. An entry in Dorothy Wordsworth's Journal, dated 2 October 1800, throws light on the little known trade of collecting leeches. However, a century later a chemist in Rotherham advertised himself as a 'Dealer in Leeches Teas & Coffees'. In the entry of 'Leeches and Glass' was immediately followed by a 'pulping sieve', perhaps giving a clue as to how leeches may have been prepared for uses other than for blood-sucking.Ī London apothecary chose to advertise his business by drawing attention to 'Leeches and Vipers' among his stock, perhaps because they were already becoming rare in trade by 1715. Presumably such glasses had lids to keep the leeches from escaping. In the shops, leeches were usually stored in a leech GLASS a receptacle apparently sufficiently distinctive for appraisers to recognize one even when there were no leeches in it, as in. Leeches are found occasionally in the stock of early-modern apothecaries, who used them instead of more invasive methods of blood letting like cupping. They were used medicinally to remove blood from patients believed to be suffering from a surplus. In the Dictionary Archive the term was applied to an aquatic, blood-sucking worm either the common leech belonging to the genera Hirudo or Sanguisuga or the rather larger horse leech, Hæmopsis sanguisorba. The term appears to have been derived from a different source, but the two became interconnected. In the early-modern period this meaning had become secondary to that of the blood sucker, which had become one of the main weapons in the doctor's armoury of cures from the early medieval period onwards. The table shows total, male and female data grouped by geography (appearing as column headers) for selected characteristics (appearing as row headers).The OED gives the primary meaning of the term as 'a doctor', one that is occasionally used to this day, though now usually only pejoratively. ![]()
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